2011年同等学力英语考试B卷真题解析

Part One (90 minutes)

Section A: Dialogue Completion

In this section, you’ll encounter 5 brief dialogues between two people. Each has a missing part, and you must choose the best option from A to D to complete it logically. Mark your answer clearly on the machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

A: Dan gave me a free ride home, but I paid for the gas.B: You know what they say, ____.A) one good turn deserves anotherB) there's no free lunchC) it's who you know that countsD) don't bite off more than you can chew A: David said he bought a new BMW for $5,000!B: _____. Sounds pretty cheap to me!A) Come to think of it.B) Are you sure?C) Do you think so?D) Is he crazy? A: We just came back from Phoenix. And we had the best vacation in years.B: ____. I'm glad to hear it.A) How was it?B) Oh, my goodness!C) Good for you.D) Oh, there you go again. A: I just can't stand this class any more.B: ____. It's required, and you have to sit in it to graduate.A) Why, you can say that again!B) Well, why not just drop out of it?C) Why, I couldn't agree more!D) Well, you might as well get used to it. A: I don't know about you, but I thought that film was terrific.B: ____. The action was great, and so was the music.A) I'm with you thereB) Just the same.C) More or less.D) I sure do.

Section B: Dialogue Comprehension

You will listen to 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. After each, a question follows—choose the best answer from A to D.

Woman: I’m tired of driving all the way to work and back every day. If only cars could drive themselves!Man: Well, some car manufacturers are working on them. I guess you’ll soon buy one if you can afford it.Question: What does the man imply?A) Cars that drive themselves may be very expensive.B) The woman will be able to buy an intelligent car.C) He is working with a car producer on intelligent cars.D) Driving to work is really a headache. Woman: I’d rather not talk about it. Just don’t ask.Man: Come on. I think you need to let off some steam.Question: What does the man advise the woman to do?A) To keep the secret.B) To talk to him about the problem.C) To reduce the workload.D) To have a good rest. Woman: Julie’s dress looks funny. That style went out last year.Man: Oh, come on, as long as it looks good on her.Question: What does the man try to emphasize?A) Julie’s dress is not outdated.B) Julie’s dress does not suit her.C) Julie looks fine in that dress.D) Julie should follow the fashion. Man: What kind of snacks do you prefer?Woman: Oh, I’ve got a sweet tooth, you know.Question: What does the woman probably like?A) Sandwich.B) Hot dogs.C) Potato chips.D) Ice cream. Man: Annie, how does it not even cross your mind that you might want a future with someone?Woman: It’s simple. I don’t mind being married to my career.Question: What’s Annie’s attitude towards her future?A) She will stay with someone unmarried.B) She will live a simple life.C) She will fully focus on her job.D) She will quit her job to get married. Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each)

Section A: Choose the word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the sentence.

The tendency of the human body to reject foreign matter is the main obstacle to successful organ transplantation.A) factorB) constituentC) breakD) barrier Whenever you need Tom, he is always there whether it be an ear or a helping hand, so you can always lean on him.A) benefit fromB) count onC) stand forD) stick to The news reports completely overlooked the more profound political implications of the events.A) foresawB) neglectedC) exploredD) assessed Teachers and nurses who deal with children are obliged to report cases of suspected child abuse to authorities.A) remindedB) expectedC) requestedD) compelled Your grade will be based in large part on the originality of your ideas.A) popularityB) creativityC) feasibilityD) flexibility We suspect there is a quite deliberate attempt to sabotage the elections and undermine the electoral commission.A) consciousB) desperateC) intentionalD) clumsy So strange were the circumstances of my story that I can scarcely believe myself to have been a party to them.A) hardlyB) justC) almostD) definitely Smoke particles and other air pollutants are often trapped in the atmosphere, thus forming dirty fog.A) caughtB) constrainedC) concealedD) concentrated Employees in chemical factories are entitled to receive extra pay for doing hazardous work.A) poisonousB) difficultC) harmfulD) dangerous Curt Carlson, the wealthiest man in Minnesota, owned a hotel and travel company with sales reaching in the neighborhood of $9 billion.A) preciselyB) merelyC) approximatelyD) substantially

Section B: Complete the sentence with the best choice.

Susan never took any cookery courses; she learned cooking by ____ useful tips from TV cookery programs.A) bringing upB) picking upC) putting upD) pulling up The President _____ his deputy to act for him while he was abroad.A) promotedB) substitutedC) displacedD) authorized It ____ without saying that consumers would be happier if prices were lower.A) takesB) appearsC) goesD) makes The world economic recession put an ____ end to the steel market upturn that began in 2002.A) irregularB) illegalC) absurdD) abrupt I’m ____ about how you discovered my website, and am very glad if you enjoy it.A) mysteriousB) furiousC) seriousD) curious The Labor Party’s electoral strategy, based on an ____ with other smaller parties, has proved successful.A) acquaintanceB) integrationC) intimacyD) alliance The new aircraft will be ____ to a test of temperatures of -65℃ and 120℃.A) suspendedB) suppressedC) subjectedD) summoned The money I got from teaching on the side was a useful ____ to my ordinary income.A) supplementB) profitC) subsidyD) replacement Chinese people are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining ____ of tooth decay.A) incidenceB) treatmentC) consequenceD) misfortune Many countries have conservation programs to prevent certain ____ of fish from becoming extinct.A) sourcesB) speciesC) numbersD) members Part III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)

Passage One – Why Women Live Longer Than Men

People are living longer than ever before—but women consistently outlive men. In 2003, U.S. males lived to around 73, while females reached about 79. This gap is widening over time. Researchers suggest several factors: women may handle workplace stress better, take fewer risks, and avoid alcoholism more effectively. Even smoking hasn’t narrowed the gap significantly despite rising female smoking rates. Interestingly, women report more illnesses, yet die later—possibly due to emotional resilience or biological differences. The trend holds across mammals, indicating deep evolutionary roots.

What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A) Men’s lifespan remains almost unchanged.B) Researchers have found the cause of the age gap.C) The age gap was noticed only recently.D) The more advanced a society, the greater the age gap. As suggested in Paragraph 2, the two factors relevant to women’s longer lifespan are ____.A) diseases and road accidentsB) industrialization and work strainsC) their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventureD) their immunity to heart disease and refusal of alcohol According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is true?A) The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap.B) The growing number of smoking women will narrow the age gap.C) Smoking does not seem to affect women’s longevity.D) Female workers are more likely to smoke than male workers. Which of the following phenomena makes researchers puzzled?A) Though more liable to illnesses, women still live longer.B) Men’s health is more closely related to their emotions.C) Men show worse symptoms than women when they fall ill.D) Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement. The word “edge” in Paragraph 6 means “_____”.A) marginB) sideC) qualityD) advantage What is the main idea of the passage?A) That women are healthier than men well explains their longevity.B) The greater longevity of women remains a mystery.C) People are living longer as a result of industrialization.D) Women are less emotionally affected by difficulties in life.

Passage Two – Walking School Bus: A Fuel-Saving Solution

Rising fuel costs forced many schools to rethink bus routes. Nia Parker now walks to school with others supervised by adults—a “walking school bus.” While parents appreciate this change, safety concerns remain. Schools also cut costs by reducing stops, using software for efficient routes, and adopting four-day weeks in rural areas. However, replacing buses with parent-driven cars could increase emissions and risk—since students are 13 times safer on buses than in cars.

The “walking school bus” _____.A) aims to keep children fitB) does not consume fuelC) seldom causes traffic jamsD) is popular with school kids In America the responsibility for busing kids to school lies with ____.A) school districtsB) individual schoolsC) teachersD) parents As regards walking to school, modern parents seem much concerned with the _____.A) time spent on the wayB) changes in the routeC) safety of their childrenD) kid’s physical strength To save money, some schools choose to _____.A) shorten the school weekB) take the shortest routesC) give drivers better trainingD) use fuel-efficient buses Busing cutbacks may eventually lead to _____.A) fiercer competition among bus companiesB) more students taking public transportationC) a decrease in the safety of school busesD) an increase in carbon dioxide emissions Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards busing cutbacks?A) FavorableB) CriticalC) IndifferentD) Objective

Passage Three – Road Rage: A Growing Concern

Aggressive driving is increasingly common—not because drunk driving is declining, but because stress and overcrowded roads are fueling anger behind the wheel. Experts note that vehicle numbers rose 11% in a decade while road miles grew just 1%. With more pressure and less space, tempers flare easily. Simple actions like honking at slower drivers or speeding up to block others can escalate into full-blown Road Rage. Awareness and self-control are key to avoiding conflict.

The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that _____.A) Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few monthsB) people not interested in the media know little about recent happeningsC) one may be raged by media reports and wants to avoid themD) the media coined the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, last year _____.A) more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk drivingB) drunk driving remained the No.1 killer on the highwayC) two thirds of drivers were killed by aggressive drivingD) 41,907 people fell victim to aggressive driving Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of aggressive driving?A) Increasing number of carsB) Drivers’ stress and anxietyC) Rush hour trafficD) Overcrowded roads The word “spell” in Paragraph 3 means “_____”.A) causeB) speakC) describeD) spare Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?A) Talking while drivingB) Driving fastC) Sounding the horn when passingD) Yelling at another driver The last paragraph is intended to _____.A) inform people how aggressive drivers could beB) tell people how to cope with Road RageC) tell people how to control themselves when angryD) warn people against eye contact with another driver

Passage Four – Smart Sensors for Energy Efficiency

Energy waste is rampant, but smart technology offers solutions. Wireless sensors powered by ambient energy—from light, motion, or vibration—are making buildings smarter and greener. Traditional wired systems are costly and hard to maintain; battery-powered ones require frequent replacements. Greenpeak’s ultra-low-power tech enables truly wireless networks that operate without batteries by harvesting environmental energy. These systems improve efficiency, reduce costs, and help create a cleaner, connected world.

By “human intervention” (Paragraph 2), the author refers to _____.A) the reduction of great energy waste in the environmentB) the grasping of straightforward opportunities availableC) the adoption of smart sensing and network technologyD) acts like turning off lights when no one is in the room Batteries are not an ideal energy source for sensor networks because they ____.A) contain metals that pollute the environmentB) have to be replaced from time to timeC) require automatic rechargingD) are difficult and costly to maintain Battery-free wireless sensor networks are made possible by the fact that _____.A) the cost of using them has been drastically reducedB) there is energy in the environment to be utilizedC) modern data communication consumes little energyD) their maintenance has been greatly simplified According to the passage, Greenpeak _____.A) promotes the application of wireless sensor networksB) is the first company to install wireless sensor networksC) supplies batteries operating on harvested energyD) benefits handsomely from communication technology The focus of Paragraph 4 is on the _____.A) replacement of batteries in harvestersB) monitoring of energy harvested from the environmentC) impact of sensor networks on power supplyD) elimination of batteries in sensor networks Wireless sensor networks promise to ____.A) bring businesses high profitsB) further develop the sensing technologyC) improve the daily lives of people worldwideD) turn motion into a major source of energy

Passage Five – The Clever Hans Effect in Dog Training

A horse named Clever Hans appeared to solve math problems—but psychologists discovered he responded to subtle cues from his trainer. Lisa Lit tested whether human bias affects professional dog handlers. In controlled experiments, teams falsely alerted even though no scents existed. When handlers saw red paper markers, they were more likely to report alerts—even if the dogs didn’t react. This shows unconscious signals influence outcomes, raising concerns about real-world applications like airport security.

What did psychologists find out about Clever Hans?A) He was as clever as people claimed.B) He was really good at counting.C) He merely responded to human signals.D) He could understand human language. Lisa Lit and her colleagues ____.A) questioned the “Clever Hans” effectB) discovered the “Clever Hans” effectC) rejected the “Clever Hans” effectD) confirmed the “Clever Hans” effect The dog handlers learned before the searches that ____.A) each search area contained three target scentsB) there was actually no target scent in the search areaC) their dogs were expected to find the scents of red paperD) some target scents may be labeled with a special mark What was most significant about the experiment, according to Dr Lit?A) The regularity of the false alertsB) The location of the false alertsC) The number of the false alertsD) The timing of the false alerts It can be concluded from the experiment that ____.A) dogs may act in response to their handlers’ bodily signalsB) dog handlers are more likely to be distracted than their dogsC) the cooperation between dogs and their handlers is key to successD) well-trained dogs can better understand their handlers’ signals The author thinks that Dr Lit’s findings _____.A) may not be useful in real situationsB) should raise our concern in real lifeC) should be backed up by further evidenceD) will be widely applied in the near future Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)

Zoos have become an important site for the preservation and protection of wildlife resources, __61__ those species that are endangered. __62__, many zoos displayed live animals for public entertainment. Presently some zoos have become scientific and educational __63__ that have contributed to the understanding and conservation of wild animal populations. __64__ the challenges facing modern zoos are the cost of upgrading old facilities, the struggle to obtain __65__ operating funds, and the need to attract more visitors to new and entertaining exhibits.

A) especiallyB) superficiallyC) importantlyD) supposedly A) By that timeB) By the timeC) At that timeD) At one time A) associationsB) institutionsC) foundationsD) corporation A) AlongB) TowardC) ThroughD) Among A) limitedB) professionalC) excessiveD) sufficient A) olderB) newerC) formerD) later A) improvementB) managementC) achievementD) assessment A) underB) forC) withD) into A) causeB) reduceC) increaseD) avoid A) sustainedB) selectedC) promisingD) surviving A) the naturalB) naturalC) the wildD) wild A) savingB) restrainingC) shelteringD) exempting A) attributed toB) opposed toC) related toD) referred to A) as ifB) asC) so thatD) so A) in stead ofB) in honor ofC) in charge ofD) in support of Part V Translation & Writing

Section A: Translate the following passage into English:

多年来，我们倾向于认为，不清晰的技术和确保核安全所需的知识已经发展到几乎不可能发生重大核事故的程度。如果真的发生了，也会在核工程师的掌控之中。然而现实再次证明，处理核能时你永远不能太过小心。我们尚不清楚日本核危机之后会留下什么，但可以确定的是，现在是重新审视我们的核实践的时候了，未来还需要做出更多努力来确保核安全。

Section B: Translate the following into Chinese:

China has a cultural tradition of 5,000 years, enduring hardships yet continuing to thrive. We must fully carry forward this cultural heritage. At the same time, we understand that learning from and borrowing from advanced civilizations worldwide is essential. Only then can China’s culture continue to grow stronger—a principle I often express: openness and inclusiveness are vital for national strength.

Writing Task: Write a composition titled “How to Handle Stress” (no less than 150 words). Include:

Common sources of stress Healthy ways to reduce stress How you have overcome stressful situations

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